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Web 3.0 - the semantic web - is about the meaning of data.
The Semantic Web is a collaborative movement led by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that promotes common formats for data on the World Wide Web. Web 2.0 was previously used as a synonym for Semantic Web. but they are different. the Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries.
The main purpose of the Semantic Web is driving the evolution of the current Web by enabling users to find, share, and combine information more easily.
In the Semantic Web data itself becomes part of the Web and is able to be processed independently of application, platform, or domain. This is in contrast to the World Wide Web as we know it today, which contains virtually boundless information in the form of documents. We can use computers to search for these documents, but they still have to be read and interpreted by humans before any useful information can be extrapolated. Computers can present you with information but can’t understand what the information is well enough to display the data that is most relevant in a given circumstance. The Semantic Web, on the other hand, is about having data as well as documents on the Web so that machines can process, transform, assemble, and even act on the data in useful ways.
The Semantic Web focuses on creating a web of data, as opposed to the current Web, which is focused on documents. This new approach will allow machines and automatic processes to access information and reason about the (intended) meaning of documents. "The Semantic Web is a vision." As the W3C, the consortium in charge of the definition of norms on the Web, sates in their Semantic Web Activity Page: "the idea of having data on the Web defined and linked in such a way that it can be used by machines not just for display purposes, but for automation, integration and reuse of data across various applications." (Taken from the W3C Semantic Web activity statement [http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/]) The focus is on under the hood techniques. Quoting VU artificial intelligence professor Frank van Harmelen in the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics' special issue of January 2008 dedicated to the Semantic Web: "Semantic Web technology is like Nikasil coating in the cylinders of a car: very few car drivers are aware of it, but they are aware of reduced fuel consumptions and the extended lifetime of the engine. Semantic Web technology is the Nikasil of the next generation of human friendly computer applications that are being developed right now."
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