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Permalink Reply by Kshirod Das on December 30, 2010 at 17:49

Dear S Bhavana,

 

Knowledge Management is a process of creating, storing, sharing and re-using organizational knowledge (Know-How) to enable an organization to achieve its goals and objectives. How ever can be defined as follows.

 

Knowledge management is a discipline that promotes an integrated approach to identifying, managing and sharing all of an enterprise's information assets. These information assets may include databases, documents, policies and procedures as well as previously unarticulated expertise and experience resident in individual workers. Knowledge management issues include developing, implementing and maintaining the appropriate technical and organizational infrastructures to enable knowledge sharing, and selecting specific contributing technologies and vendors.

 

Various tools and Techniques of KM

 

Knowledge maps: Establish a classification scheme called a taxonomy of knowledge, provide a frame of reference for many knowledge management products, and serve as a critical first step for identifying available knowledge.

 

Electronic yellow-page directories: Aid in finding hard-to-access tacit knowledge resources by providing access to experts.  They also organize existing web sites and serve up a variety of explicit knowledge assets in understandable ways.

 

Apprenticeship programs: Are typically one-on-one type relationships where an expert coaches a less experience person in various forms. 

 

Communities of practice: Support groups of individuals with similar work responsibilities but who are not part of a formally designated work team.  Many communities of practice communicate through a web-based system.

 

Best practices and lessons learned: Typically present the situation, the options, choices taken, and the results for a typical decision problem. They are widely used in natural resource management and can be extensively found on the internet.

 

Lectures and story telling: Allow people to gain more understanding and have greater recall then they do from written reports.  Stories can be used to capture lectures on a particular topic, to capture after action reports, to record difficult to codify tacit knowledge, and for many other purposes.  Web-based software systems exist that support this knowledge management tool.

 

Frequently Asked Questions:  In the course of performing a job, people naturally identify questions that their coworkers or their clients ask repeatedly.  It is worthwhile to document and develop useful and standardized answers for these types of repetitive questions.  Web-based systems also exist that specialize in the management of these questions.

 

Web-based learning: Allows to translate a typical classroom experience to an online media to offer students the opportunity to learn codified knowledge in a structure way at their own pace.

 

Scientific content management sites: Collects knowledge in some kind of web-based content management system.  First, the knowledge has to be found, organized, synthesized, reviewed for quality, and uploaded for availability.  Second, the knowledge content has to be updated and maintained so it keeps its currency.  Software systems exist that support both of these functions.

 

Simulation models: Are a popular way to organize specific problem solving knowledge and provide precise, quantitative answers to guide natural resource managers.  Most such models have not yet been converted to execute over the internet, however, many simulation models can be downloaded from the internet and then executed on a stand-alone computer.

 

Free-content information collaboratories: Create and distribute free information content, e.g., encyclopedia.  Articles are edited by volunteers and are subject to change by nearly anyone.  They cover a wide range of topics, but lack the authority of traditional materials and lack the chance of a quality control regarding the content.

Timemaps: A visual-matrix index of the events, research topics, people, and publications, organized by time, for a specific area.  An electronic zoomable canvas allows embedding a large amount of information in a single plane.

 

Databases: A common way to organize original source material in a database structure.  It is irrelevant whether the data is numeric or graphic or computer files.  Web-based methods have been developed to manage database online.

 

Library services:  Managing and making accessible published books and scientific journal articles has long been the province of science libraries.  These services are also available on the internet either free of charge.

 

Online scientific journals: More and more scientific journals have placed all or part of the content of their original research articles online. Search engines allow to find relevant articels and the number of citations refering to them.

 

Web portals: Provide links to many other sites that can either be accessed directly or can be found by following an organized sequence of related categories.  The provider of a web portal is responsible for structuring and filtering of web-addresses relating to a special theme.

 

Institutional Repository    

 

Digital Library      

 

CD-ROM database              

 

Wiki       

 

Blog       

 

Content Management System        

 

E-Mail    

 

Direct access to bibliographic database with dynamic harvesting approach: Provide users with direct query access to upwards of online database and gives the ability to pull journal citation records directly into their profiles library portal. This dynamic harvesting approach also creates linkages back to the journal articles.

 

Regards,

 

Kshirod

 

 

 

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Permalink Reply by Shinde Bhavana Milind on December 30, 2010 at 20:33

Thanks for the information.

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Permalink Reply by Dr. Mohammad Nazim on December 30, 2010 at 21:46

Knowledge Management has been defined in the literature as a process or practice of creating, acquiring, capturing, sharing and re-using organizational knowledge (know-how) to improve performance and achieve goals and objectives of an organization (Davenport and Prusak, 1993, Abell and Oxbrow, 2001; Townley, 2001; White, 2004; Jain, 2007). According to Skyrme and Amidon (1998) knowledge management deals with:
Managing information-explicit/recorded knowledge;
Managing processes-embedded knowledge;
Managing people-tacit knowledge;
Managing innovation-knowledge conversion;
Managing assets-intellectual capital.

Hoyes, (2004) defined knowledge management as “the capabilities by which communities within an organization capture the knowledge that is critical to them, continuously improve it and make it available in the most effective manner to people who need it, so they can exploit it creatively to add values as a normal part of their work”. Thus, knowledge management is the art of creating value from an organization's knowledge assets. Knowledge Management consists of following components:
Generating new knowledge;
Accessing valuable knowledge from outside sources;
Using accessible knowledge in decision making;
Embedding knowledge in processes, products, and/or services;
Representing knowledge in documents, databases, and software;
Facilitating knowledge growth through culture and incentives;
Transferring existing knowledge into other parts of the organization;
Measuring the value of knowledge assets and/or impact of knowledge management (Butler, 1999.

(This is the part of a paper sent for presentation in NASCIP 2011 and accepted for publication in proceeding)

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