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Permalink Reply by Ravi Sharma on January 17, 2012 at 23:42

As a Layman, Data is row material, information is a processed data and knowledge- after process of information whatever we have in our mind that is knowledge weather it is fales or it is true. 

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Permalink Reply by Baldev Singh on January 18, 2012 at 2:48

Data--is representation of facts, it may be by a symbol, character or anything. for eg name, age, occupation all these are data.

information-- processed data is called information. eg. Mr. Devaraju is 26 years and he is a librarian.

knowledge---assimilation of information in our mind or when information stored in our mind called knowledge..

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Permalink Reply by KUSUM Saini on January 18, 2012 at 3:15

• Data is unprocessed facts and figures without any added interpretation or analysis.
  
• Information is data that has been interpreted so that it has meaning for the user.
  
• Knowledgeis a combination of information, experience and insight that may benefit the individual or the organisation

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Permalink Reply by Nasirudheen.T on January 18, 2012 at 4:38

data is like yarn

Information is like thread

Knowledge is like cloth

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Permalink Reply by Kapil Agrawal on January 18, 2012 at 16:38

http://www.infogineering.net/data-information-knowledge.htm

Data, Information and Knowledge

• Datarepresents unorganized and unprocessed facts.
  • Usually data is static in nature.

  • It can represent a set of discrete facts about events.

  • Data is a prerequisite to information.

  • An organization sometimes has to decide on the nature and volume of data that is required for creating the necessary information.

• Information
  • Information can be considered as an aggregation of data (processed data) which makes decision making easier.

  • Information has usually got some meaning and purpose.

• Knowledge
  • By knowledge we mean human understanding of a subject matter that has been acquired through proper study and experience.

  • Knowledge is usually based on learning, thinking, and proper understanding of the problem area.

  • Knowledge is not information and information is not data.

  • Knowledge is derived from information in the same way information is derived from data.

  • We can view it as an understanding of information based on its perceived importance or relevance to a problem area.

  • It can be considered as the integration of human perceptive processes that helps them to draw meaningful conclusions

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Permalink Reply by Jignesh S. Vishapara on January 18, 2012 at 18:05

Knowledge

Firstly, let’s look at Knowledge. Knowledge is what we know. Think of this as the map of the World we build inside our brains. Like a physical map, it helps us know where things are – but it contains more than that. It also contains our beliefs and expectations. “If I do this, I will probably get that.” Crucially, the brain links all these things together into a giant network of ideas, memories, predictions, beliefs, etc.

It is from this “map” that we base our decisions, not the real world itself. Our brains constantly update this map from the signals coming through our eyes, ears, nose, mouth and skin.

You can’t currently store knowledge in anything other than a brain, because a brain connects it all together. Everything is inter-connected in the brain. Computers are not artificial brains. They don’t understand what they are processing, and can’t make independent decisions based upon what you tell them.

There are two sources that the brain uses to build this knowledge - information and data.

Data

Data is/are the facts of the World. For example, take yourself. You may be 5ft tall, have brown hair and blue eyes. All of this is “data”. You have brown hair whether this is written down somewhere or not.

In many ways, data can be thought of as a description of the World. We can perceive this data with our senses, and then the brain can process this.

Human beings have used data as long as we’ve existed to form knowledge of the world.

Until we started using information, all we could use was data directly. If you wanted to know how tall I was, you would have to come and look at me. Our knowledge was limited by our direct experiences.

Information

Information allows us to expand our knowledge beyond the range of our senses. We can capture data in information, then move it about so that other people can access it at different times.

Here is a simple analogy for you.

If I take a picture of you, the photograph is information. But what you look like is data.

I can move the photo of you around, send it to other people via e-mail etc. However, I’m not actually moving you around – or what you look like. I’m simply allowing other people who can’t directly see you from where they are to know what you look like. If I lose or destroy the photo, this doesn’t change how you look.

So, in the case of the lost tax records, the CDs were information. The information was lost, but the data wasn’t. Mrs Jones still lives at 14 Whitewater road, and she was still born on 15th August 1971.

The Infogineering Model (below) explains how these interact…

Why does it matter that people mix them up?

When people confuse data with information, they can make critical mistakes. Data is always correct (I can’t be 29 years old and 62 years old at the same time) but information can be wrong (there could be two files on me, one saying I was born in 1981, and one saying I was born in 1948).

Information captures data at a single point. The data changes over time. The mistake people make is thinking that the information they are looking at is always an accurate reflection of the data.

By understanding the differences between these, you can better understand how to make better decisions based on the accurate facts.

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Permalink Reply by harshal anjaria on February 20, 2012 at 5:00

How Search Engines Work

The Web would be virtually unusable if it were not for Search Engines – allowing us to quickly track down information on virtually any topic under the sun. Understanding how Search Engines work can allow you a much better chance of finding what you are looking for faster.

Search Engines grew out of the Information Retrieval field – which has been around ever since documents began to be digitised. Rather than a specific set of relatively similar documents in one company or organisation, however, Search Engines have to index pages in multiple formats, across millions of websites, with information changing by the minute. On top of this, they have to deal with the problem of webmasters trying to cheat the system to get their pages to the top of the rankings.

Search Engines are a kind of “know-where” – that is, they tell you where you are likely to find out about a certain topic. They don’t know the answer themselves.

The Index

Search Engines build up an index of the web, by sending out special programs – called Robots or Spiders – to jump from hyperlink to hyperlink to reveal all the pages on the Web. This index is updated all the time - pages that are considered more important are checked more frequently.

When you search for a word or phrase, the search engine looks through its index for pages that contain those words. It then lists the pages it finds in order of relevance – with the first item being the one most likely to contain what you are looking for.

If you and the search engine were having a conversation, it would go like this.

You: Hello Google. Can you please tell me where I might find out about “Titanic”

Google: I’ve looked in the index of all the pages I’ve visited. I’ve found out that there are 13,443,233 webpages that either contain the word “titanic” or that are probably related to the word. I think the most likely place is here (first page). Second is this place (second page)……. and this has the least chance of being what you are after (last page).

Search Engines never reveal the exact formula for how it ranks the pages, but some of the main considerations include:

• The title of the page
• How many times the phrase appears in the main text of the page
• If the phrase appears in bold on the page
• How many other pages link to the page
• The domain name of the website

Caching

Most search engines store a copy of the pages on their own servers – which is called the cache. This allows users to see the content of the page, even if the server it is stored on is down when they want to view it.

ref for how to serch data information.. so friends first we should know how search engg works so we can put proper words on net and search topic for our prof and feld. thnxs .SSOry guru's <chhota muh badi batt>>

harshal anjaria

mlisc student

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